オークショット「バベルの塔」（３） 慣習的道徳と反省的道徳
The intellectual distinction between customary and reflective morality is clearly marked. "The former places the standard and rules of conduct in ancestral habit; the latter appeals to conscience, reason, or to some principle which includes thought. The distinction is as important as it is definite, for it shifts the centre of gravity in morality. Nevertheless the distinction is relative rather than absolute. Some degree of reflective thought must have entered occasionally into systems which in the main were founded on social wont and use, while in contemporary morals, even when the need of critical judgment is most recognized, there is an immense amount of conduct that is merely accommodated to social usage. – John Dewey, The Later Works of John Dewey, Volume 7, 1925 - 1953: 1932, Ethics : Chapter 10 （慣習的道徳と反省的道徳は、明確に、知的に区別される。前者は行動の基準や規範を先祖代々の習慣の中に位置づけ、後者は良心や理性に、あるいは思考を含む何らかの原理に訴える。この区別は明確であると同時に重要である。というのは、道徳の重心が移動するからである。とはいえ、この区別は絶対的というよりもむしろ相対的なものである。ある程度の反省的思考が、時折、主として社会慣...