アダム・スミス『道徳感情論』(17)他人の感情が自分の感情と一致するかどうかによって、その感情が適切であるかどうかを判断できる
Every faculty in one man is the measure by which he judges of the like faculty in another. I judge of your sight by my sight, of your ear by my ear, of your reason by my reason, of your resentment by my resentment, of your love by my love. I neither have, nor can have, any other way of judging about them. – Adam Smith, The Theory of moral sentiments:1. Part 1 Of the Propriety of Action Consisting of Three Sections:1.1. Section I Of the Sense of Propriety:1.1.3. Chap. III Of the manner in which we judge of the propriety or impropriety of the affections of other men, by their concord or dissonance with out own.
《ある人のあらゆる能力が、他人の同様の能力を判断する尺度となる。私は、あなたの視覚を私の視覚で、あなたの耳を私の耳で、あなたの理性を私の理性で、あなたの憤りを私の憤りで、あなたの愛を私の愛で判断する。私には、それらについて、他の如何なる判断方法もなければ、有り得もしない》―
アダム・スミス『道徳感情論』:第1部 3つの部分から構成される行為の妥当性について:第1編 行為の適宜性について:第3章 他人の愛情が自分の愛情に合うか合わないかで、その妥当性や不適切性を判断する方法について。
We may judge of
the propriety or impropriety of the sentiments of another person by their
correspondence or disagreement with our own, upon two different occasions;
either, first, when the objects which excite them are considered without any
peculiar relation, either to ourselves or to the person whose sentiments we
judge of; or, secondly, when they are considered as peculiarly affecting one or
other of us. – Ibid.: Chap. IV The same subject continued
《私達は、2つの異なる動機に基づいて、他人の感情が自分の感情と一致するかどうかによって、その感情が適切であるかどうかを判断できる。1つは、感情を沸き起こす動機が、自分にも、その感情を判断する相手にも、特別な関係がないと考えられる場合、もう1つは、その感情が私達のどちらかに特別な影響を及ぼすと考えられる場合である》―
同:第4章 同じ問題の続き
1.With regard to
those objects which are considered without any peculiar relation either to
ourselves or to the person whose sentiments we judge of; wherever his
sentiments entirely correspond with our own, we ascribe to him the qualities of
taste and good judgment. The beauty of a plain, the greatness of a mountain,
the ornaments of a building, the expression of a picture, the composition of a
discourse, the conduct of a third person, the proportions of different
quantities and numbers, the various appearances which the great machine of the
universe is perpetually exhibiting, with the secret wheels and springs which
product them; all the general subjects of science and taste, are what we and
our companion regard as having no peculiar relation to either of us. – Ibid.
《1. 自分にも、感情を判断する相手にも、特別な関係がないと考えられる動機に関しては、相手の感情が自分の感情と完全に一致する場合、趣味と分別の特性が相手に属するものと見做す。平野の美しさ、山の大きさ、建物の装飾、絵の表現、談話の構成、第三者の行為、様々な数量の比率、宇宙という偉大な機械が絶え間なく見せてくれいる様々な外観、それらを生み出す秘密の車輪とバネなど、科学と趣味の一般的な対象はすべて、自分と相手のいずれにも特別な関係がないと見做すものである》―
同
We both look at
them from the same point of view, and we have no occasion for sympathy, or for
that imaginary change of situations from which it arises, in order to produce,
with regard to these, the most perfect harmony of sentiments and affections.
If, notwithstanding, we are often differently affected, it arises either from
the different degrees of attention, which our different habits of life allow us
to give easily to the several parts of those complex objects, or from the
different degrees of natural acuteness in the faculty of the mind to which they
are addressed. – Ibid.
《2人ともが同じ視点でそれらを見るので、共感する必要はないし、感情や情動を完全完璧に調和させるために、共感が生まれるべく頭の中で立場を入れ替える必要もない。にもかかわらず、しばしば異なった影響を受けるとすれば、それは、生活習慣の違いから、複雑な対象物の幾つかの部分に安易に向ける注意の度合いが異なるからか、対象物に向ける精神機能の自然な鋭敏さの度合いが異なるからである》― 同
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