アダム・スミス『道徳感情論』（66）自分の悲しみと観察者の同情の調和

By noise and threatening they are, for their own ease, often obliged to frighten it into good temper; and the passion which incites it to attack, is restrained by that which teaches it to attend to its own safety. When it is old enough to go to school, or to mix with its equals, it soon finds that they have no such indulgent partiality. It naturally wishes to gain their favour, and to avoid their hatred or contempt. Regard even to its own safety teaches it to do so; and it soon finds that it can do so in no other way than by moderating, not only its anger, but all its other passions, to the degree which its play-fellows and companions are likely to be pleased with. It thus enters into the great school of self-command, it studies to be more and more master of itself, and begins to exercise over its own feelings a discipline which the practice of the longest life is very seldom sufficient to bring to complete perfection. -- Adam Smith, The Theory of moral sentiments: 3.1.2. Chap. II

《親は、自分の安心のために、しばしば我が子を騒ぎ脅（おど）して怖がらせ、機嫌を直させざるを得ず、子供を攻撃へと駆り立てる感情は、自らの安全に注意を払うよう指導する感情によって抑えられる。学校へ行き、同輩と交わる年齢になると、やがて同輩には親のような寛大な偏愛がないことに気付く。彼らに気に入られたい、嫌われ、軽蔑されるのを避けたいと自然に望む。自身の安全のためにもそうするようになり、すぐに、怒りだけでなく他のすべての感情を遊び仲間や友達が喜びそうな程度に抑える以外にそうする方法がないということが分かる。こうして大いに自制することを学び、ますます克己心を高めるべく学んで、長い人生修行を経てさえ、ごく稀（まれ）にしか完全完璧には至らない規律を、自分の感情に用い始めるのである》―アダム・スミス『道徳感情論』第３部：第３章

In all private misfortunes, in pain, in sickness, in sorrow, the weakest man, when his friend, and still more when a stranger visits him, is immediately impressed with the view in which they are likely to look upon his situation. Their view calls off his attention from his own view; and his breast is, in some measure, becalmed the moment they come into his presence. This effect is produced instantaneously and, as it were, mechanically; but, with a weak man, it is not of long continuance. His own view of his situation immediately recurs upon him. He abandons himself, as before, to sighs and tears and lamentations; and endeavours, like a child that has not yet gone to school, to produce some sort of harmony between his own grief and the compassion of the spectator, not by moderating the former, but by importunately calling upon the latter. – Ibid.

《すべての私的な災難の中、苦痛の中、病気の中、悲哀の中、どれほど意思の弱い人間であっても、友人が、ましてや見知らぬ人が見舞ってくれたら、自分が置かれた状況を彼らが見る可能性が高い見方を押し付けられる。彼らの見方が自分の見方から注意を逸（そ）らすので、彼らが彼の前に現れた瞬間、彼の胸の内は多少静まる。この効果は瞬時に、いわば機械的に生じるが、意思の弱い人には長く続かない。自分の置かれた状況に対する自分の見方が、即座に甦（よみがえ）る。彼は、以前のように、ため息と涙と悲しみに身を任せ、まだ学校に行っていない子供のように、自分の悲しみを抑えるのではなく、観察者の同情を執拗に求めることによって、自分の悲しみと観察者の同情をある種調和させようとするのである》― 同