アダム・スミス『道徳感情論』（68）志操堅固の人

The man of real constancy and firmness, the wise and just man who has been thoroughly bred in the great school of self-command, in the bustle and business of the world, exposed, perhaps, to the violence and injustice of faction, and to the hardships and hazards of war, maintains this control of his passive feelings upon all occasions; and whether in solitude or in society, wears nearly the same countenance, and is affected very nearly in the same manner. - Adam Smith, The Theory of moral sentiments: 3.1.2. Chap. II

《真に志操堅固の人、自制心の偉大な学校で徹底的に躾（しつ）けられた賢明で正義感の強い人が、世の中の喧騒（けんそう）と多忙の中で、恐らくは派閥の暴力と不正義、戦争の苦難と危険に晒（さら）されながらも、あらゆる場面で、この受動的な感情を御（ぎょ）し続け、独りでいる時も社会の中にいる時も、ほとんど同じ表情をし、ほとんど同じように感動するのである》― 同―アダム・スミス『道徳感情論』第３部：第３章

In success and in disappointment, in prosperity and in adversity, before friends and before enemies, he has often been under the necessity of supporting this manhood. He has never dared to forget for one moment the judgment which the impartial spectator would pass upon his sentiments and conduct. He has never dared to suffer the man within the breast to be absent one moment from his attention. – Ibid.

《成功のときも、失意のときも、繁栄のときも、逆境のときも、友の前でも、敵の前でも、彼はしばしばこの男らしさを維持する必要に迫られてきたのである。公平な観察者が自分の感情や行為に下すであろう判断を、決して一瞬たりとも忘れようとはしない。胸中の人間が彼の注意から離れることを決して一瞬たりとも許さないのである》― 同

With the eyes of this great inmate he has always been accustomed to regard whatever relates to himself. This habit has become perfectly familiar to him. He has been in the constant practice, and, indeed, under the constant necessity, of modelling, or of endeavouring to model, not only his outward conduct and behaviour, but, as much as he can, even his inward sentiments and feelings, according to those of this awful and respectable judge. He does not merely affect the sentiments of the impartial spectator. He really adopts them. He almost identifies himself with, he almost becomes himself that impartial spectator, and scarce even feels but as that great arbiter of his conduct directs him to feel. – Ibid.

《彼は、ずっと自分に関係するものは何でもこの偉大な囚人の目で見るのが習慣になっている。この習慣は完全に彼に馴染んでいる。外面的な行動だけでなく、出来る限り内面的な感情までも、この畏敬尊敬すべき裁判官に合わせること、あるいは合わせようと努力することを、常に実践してきたし、実際、常にその必要に迫られてきたのである。単に公平な観察者の感情に愛着を感じるだけではない。実際それを採り入れるのである。ほとんど自分をその公平な観察者と重ね合わせ、ほとんど自分自身がその公平な観察者となって、ほとんど自分の行為の偉大な裁定者が彼に感じるよう指示しているようにしか思わないのである》― 同

The degree of the self-approbation with which every man, upon such occasions, surveys his own conduct, is higher or lower, exactly in proportion to the degree of self-command which is necessary in order to obtain that self-approbation. Where little self-command is necessary, little self-approbation is due. The man who has only scratched his finger, cannot much applaud himself, though he should immediately appear to have forgot this paltry misfortune. The man who has lost his leg by a cannon shot, and who, the moment after, speaks and acts with his usual coolness and tranquillity, as he exerts a much higher degree of self-command, so he naturally feels a much higher degree of self-approbation. – Ibid.

《このような場面で、あらゆる人が自分の行為を見渡すとき得られる自己満足の程度は、その自己満足を得るために必要な克己（こっき）の度合いに正比例し、高くも低くもなる。自己統制がほとんど必要でない場合は、ほとんど自己満足は得られない。指にかすり傷を負っただけの男は、すぐにこの些細（ささい）な災厄を忘れたように見えても、あまり自己満足できない。砲弾で脚を失い、その直後、いつものように冷静沈着に話し行動する男が、ずっと高度な自制心を発揮するからこそ、より高度な自己満足感が得られるのは当然である》― 同