アダム・スミス『道徳感情論』（69）胸中の理想の人（the ideal man within the breast）

With most men, upon such an accident, their own natural view of their own misfortune would force itself upon them with such a vivacity and strength of colouring, as would entirely efface all thought of every other view. They would feel nothing, they could attend to nothing, but their own pain and their own fear; and not only the judgment of the ideal man within the breast, but that of the real spectators who might happen to be present, would be entirely overlooked and disregarded. - Adam Smith, The Theory of moral sentiments: 3.1.2. Chap. II

《大抵の人は、このような災難に遭うと、自分の災厄に対する自然な見方が、生き生きとした色彩の強さで自分に押し掛けるので、他のすべての見方の苦悩をすべて完全に消し去ってしまうだろう。彼らは何も感じず、何も気に懸けず、ただ自分の苦痛と恐怖を感じ、胸中の理想の人の判断だけでなく、たまたまそこに居合わせた実際の見物人の判断も、全く看過され、無視されるだろう》―アダム・スミス『道徳感情論』第３部：第３章

The reward which Nature bestows upon good behaviour under misfortune, is thus exactly proportioned to the degree of that good behaviour. The only compensation she could possibly make for the bitterness of pain and distress is thus too, in equal degrees of good behaviour, exactly proportioned to the degree of that pain and distress. In proportion to the degree of the self-command which is necessary in order to conquer our natural sensibility, the pleasure and pride of the conquest are so much the greater; and this pleasure and pride are so great that no man can be altogether unhappy who completely enjoys them. – Ibid.

《造物主が災厄の下での善行に与える報酬は、このように善行の程度に正比例する。苦痛や苦悩の苦しさに対する唯一の補償も、このように、善行の程度に等しく、その苦痛と苦悩の程度に正比例する。私達の自然な感覚を抑えるために必要な克己の程度に比例して、その超克の喜びと誇りはずっと大きくなるが、この喜びと誇りは非常に大きいので、それを完全に享受している人は誰も完全には不幸に成り得ないのである》― 同

Misery and wretchedness can never enter the breast in which dwells complete self-satisfaction; and though it may be too much, perhaps, to say, with the Stoics, that, under such an accident as that above mentioned, the happiness of a wise man is in every respect equal to what it could have been under any other circumstances; yet it must be acknowledged, at least, that this complete enjoyment of his own self-applause, though it may not altogether extinguish, must certainly very much alleviate his sense of his own sufferings. – Ibid.

《不幸や惨めさは、完全な自己満足が宿る胸には決して入り込めない。上述したような災難の下では、賢者の幸福が、あらゆる点で、他のどのような状況下においてもあったはずのものと等しいと、ストア派に賛成して言うのは、恐らく言い過ぎなのだろうが、それでも、このように自己満足を十分に享受すれば、彼の苦悩の感覚が全て消滅するわけではないにしても、確かにとても和らぐに違いないということは、少なくとも認めねばなるまい》― 同

In such paroxysms of distress, if I may be allowed to call them so, the wisest and firmest man, in order to preserve his equanimity, is obliged, I imagine, to make a considerable, and even a painful exertion. His own natural feeling of his own distress, his own natural view of his own situation, presses hard upon him, and he cannot, without a very great effort, fix his attention upon that of the impartial spectator. Both views present themselves to him at the same time. – Ibid.

《こう呼ぶことが許されるなら、このような苦悩の発作が起これば、最も賢明で確固不抜の人でさえ、平静を保つために、相当な、しかも苦痛を伴う努力を強いられる。自らの苦悩に対する自然な感情、自らの置かれた状況に対する自然な見方が、彼を強迫するので、大きな努力を払わずして、公平な観察者に目を向けることは出来ない。両方の見方が同時に彼の頭に浮かぶのである》― 同