アダム・スミス『道徳感情論』（70）自分の見方と公平な観察者の見方

His sense of honour, his regard to his own dignity, directs him to fix his whole attention upon the one view. His natural, his untaught and undisciplined feelings, are continually calling it off to the other. He does not, in this case, perfectly identify himself with the ideal man within the breast, he does not become himself the impartial spectator of his own conduct. The different views of both characters exist in his mind separate and distinct from one another, and each directing him to a behaviour different from that to which the other directs him. - Adam Smith, The Theory of moral sentiments: 3.1.2. Chap. II

《自尊心、自らの威厳への配慮があれば、彼は、後者〔公平な観察者〕の見方に全神経を集中させる。彼の自然な感情、教育されていない感情、訓練されていない感情は、常に前者〔自分自身〕へと注意を逸（そ）らす。この場合、彼は、胸中の理想的な人間と自分を完全に重ね合わせることはなく、自分自身の行為の公平な観察者になることもない。両者の異なる見解は、互いに別個に彼の心の中に存在し、それぞれが、他方が彼に仕向ける行動とは違った行動を彼に仕向けるのである》―アダム・スミス『道徳感情論』第３部：第３章

When he follows that view which honour and dignity point out to him, Nature does not, indeed, leave him without a recompense. He enjoys his own complete self-approbation, and the applause of every candid and impartial spectator. By her unalterable laws, however, he still suffers; and the recompense which she bestows, though very considerable, is not sufficient completely to compensate the sufferings which those laws inflict. Neither is it fit that it should. – Ibid.

《彼が名誉と威厳から目を向ける見解に従う場合、確かに造物主は、報酬もなく彼を見捨てたりはしない。彼は、完全な自己承認と、あらゆる率直で公平な観察者の喝采を享受する。しかしながら、自然の不変の法則によって、彼はなおも苦しみ、造物主が与える報酬は、非常に大きいけれども、自然の法則が与える苦しみを完全に補うには足りないし、そうするのが穏当でもない》― 同

If it did completely compensate them, he could, from self-interest, have no motive for avoiding an accident which must necessarily diminish his utility both to himself and to society; and Nature, from her parental care of both, meant that he should anxiously avoid all such accidents. He suffers, therefore, and though, in the agony of the paroxysm, he maintains, not only the manhood of his countenance, but the sedateness and sobriety of his judgment, it requires his utmost and most fatiguing exertions, to do so.

By the constitution of human nature, however, agony can never be permanent; and, if he survives the paroxysm, he soon comes, without any effort, to enjoy his ordinary tranquillity. – Ibid.

《もしそれが完全に補われるのであれば、彼は、利己心から、自分自身にとっても社会にとっても彼の実益を必ず減らすに違いない災難を避ける動機がなくなってしまうだろうから、造物主は、親として双方を保護するため、彼がそのような災難をすべて心配そうに避けるよう目論（もくろ）んだ。それゆえ、彼は苦しみ、発作の苦しみの中、表情を男らしく保つだけでなく、判断の落ち着きと冷静さを失わないようにもするのだけれども、そのためには最大で最も心身を疲れさせる努力を必要とする。

しかしながら、人間の性質上、決して苦悩は永続きはし得ないので、発作を乗り切れば、何も努力することなく、すぐに平穏な日常を送れるようになる》― 同