アダム・スミス『道徳感情論』(76)2組の美徳
The person best fitted by nature for acquiring the former of those two sets of virtues, is likewise best fitted for acquiring the latter. The man who feels the most for the joys and sorrows of others, is best fitted for acquiring the most complete control of his own joys and sorrows. The man of the most exquisite humanity, is naturally the most capable of acquiring the highest degree of self-command. He may not, however, always have acquired it; and it very frequently happens that he has not. He may have lived too much in ease and tranquillity. He may have never been exposed to the violence of faction, or to the hardships and hazards of war. He may have never experienced the insolence of his superiors, the jealous and malignant envy of his equals, or the pilfering injustice of his inferiors. - Adam Smith, The Theory of moral sentiments: 3.1.2. Chap. II
《この2組の美徳のうちの前者を身に付けるのに生来最も適した人は、同様に後者を身に付けるのにも最も適している。他人の喜びや悲しみに最も同情する人は、自分の喜びや悲しみをこの上なく完全に抑制する能力が最も高い。最も繊細な慈悲心のある人は、必然的に最も高度な克己心(こっきしん)を身に付けることが出来る。しかしながら、常に克己心が身に付いているとは限らないし、身に付いていないことが頻繁に起こる。安楽で平穏に生活し過ぎたのかもしれない。派閥争いの暴力や、戦争の苦難や危険に晒(さら)されたことがないのかもしれない。目上の横柄な言動や、同輩の嫉妬深く、悪意に満ちた羨望や、目下のちょろまかしの不正を経験したことがないのかもしれない》―アダム・スミス『道徳感情論』第3部:第3章
When, in an
advanced age, some accidental change of fortune exposes him to all these, they
all make too great an impression upon him. He has the disposition which fits
him for acquiring the most perfect self-command; but he has never had the
opportunity of acquiring it. Exercise and practice have been wanting; and
without these no habit can ever be tolerably established. Hardships, dangers,
injuries, misfortunes, are the only masters under whom we can learn the
exercise of this virtue. But these are all masters to whom nobody willingly
puts himself to school. -
Ibid.
《高齢になって、偶然の運命の変化でこれらすべてに晒されれば、それらすべてが、あまりにも大きな印象となりすぎる。この上なく完璧な克己心を身に付けるのに適した気質があるが、これまで身に付ける機会に恵まれなかった。練習や実践が足りず、これらなしに、いかなる習慣も大過なく定着することは有り得ない。苦難、危険、傷害、不幸だけが、この美徳の演習を学べる師なのである。しかし、これらはすべて、誰も自ら進んで通学するような師ではない》―
同
The situations in
which the gentle virtue of humanity can be most happily cultivated, are by no
means the same with those which are best fitted for forming the austere virtue
of self-command. The man who is himself at ease can best attend to the distress
of others. The man who is himself exposed to hardships is most immediately
called upon to attend to, and to control his own feelings. In the mild sunshine
of undisturbed tranquillity, in the calm retirement of undissipated and
philosophical leisure, the soft virtue of humanity flourishes the most, and is
capable of the highest improvement. But, in such situations, the greatest and
noblest exertions of self-command have little exercise. - Ibid.
《慈悲という優しい徳が最も適切に培(つちかわ)われる状況は、克己という厳しい徳を形成するのに最も適した状況とは決して同じでない。悠々自適な人が、他人の苦悩に最も注意を払えるのである。自分が苦難に晒されている人は、自分の感情に注意を払い、それを制御することを極めて速やかに求められる。平穏静かで穏やかな日差しの下、放蕩に耽(ふけ)るのではなく、達観した安逸の中、穏やかな人里離れた場所で、思いやりの柔らかな徳は最も栄え、最も高い向上が可能なのである。しかし、そのような状況では、最も偉大で最も崇高な克己が発揮されることはほとんどない》― 同
コメント
コメントを投稿